Hundreds of thousands of tunisians took to the streets calling for an end to authoritarian rule. The name is an allusion to the 1848 spring time of the peoples. Arab spring, military government relations, ben ali, al assad 1 i. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d.
The transnational effects of social media in the arab. Dec 01, 2011 the arab spring has affected interests of the western democracies in the middle and near eastern nations, and the instability will compel changes in american policies for the region. The regional revolution saw regime change in tunisia, egypt, and yemen, and civil wars in libya and, at the time of writing this, ongoing in syria. The arab spring commenced on december 18, 2010 and has taken place in egypt, tunisia, bahrain, syria, yemen, algeria, kuwait, oman, morocco, saudi arabia and sudan. Tunisia and the arab spring overview nc essential standards. The arab spring is a ensemble of popular protests of highly variable magnitude and intensity, which have occurred in many countries of the arab world since december 2010. Constitutional courts after the arab spring 3 the center for constitutional transitions at nyu law constitutional transitions generates and mobilizes knowledge in support of constitution building. From the theoretical framework thesis has developed three distinct hypotheses. Critics of the arab spring argue the success of the iraqi democracy is a result of the u. Noted authorities writing specifically for this volume contribute chapters focusing on. Arab spring affected countries suffered even more due to the 2008 economic crisis. The gaddafi archives libya before the arab spring view gallery an exhibition of photographs, documents and artefacts from the human rights watch archive paints a portrait of libya in the four decades prior to the arab spring. The arab spring has affected next to all arab regimes forcing them to seek renewed legitimacy.
The endgame is a series of films exploring the fall of the gaddafi regime from the perspective of those who helped to bring it down al jazeera tv the long road to tripoli. According to the 2011 arab social media report, 94% of tunisians get their news from social media tools, as do 88% of. Arab spring arab spring the term arab spring as used to denote these events may have started with an article by marc lynch published in the political journal foreign policy. Central in this thesis will be the political consequences of the arab. However, the recent arab uprisings, better known as the arab spring, have intensified volatility, turning this hotspot into a veritable tinderbox. Although i am aware of the problematic implications of the term arab springa term primarily used in the western world to refer to the 2011 arab uprisingsi will discuss some of these problems in. The cases of tunisia and egypt contributing factors to the. This thesis critically examines the concept of the arab spring in describing the recent uprisings. The arab spring has affected interests of the western democracies in the middle and near eastern nations, and the instability will compel changes in american policies for the region. In december 2010, protests began against the autocratic government in the northern african country of tunisia. It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in tunisia noueihed, 2011.
There have been political revisions and in some cases nontraditional modifications in moribund autocracies and dictatorships across the arab world, reaching to the. Widely circulated pdfs of tip sheets explained how to pull off a successful protest. However, the arab world is currently experiencing massive. Social media and the arab spring with focus on the egyptian revolution. We al jazeera tv follow a group of libyan exiles as they sacrifice everything to return home for the final assault on tripoli. A comparative analysis of tunisia and egypt johan andersson. The purpose of conducting research on social media in relation to the egyptian revolution in 2011, is to get a comprehensive understanding of the political interaction that is shaped by the affordances of social media use. Roots and causes of the arab uprisings there is a consensu s among politica l analysts regardin g the cocktai l of major factors that, when combined, created the socia l explosio n known as the 2011 arab uprisings.
The arab spring, in stark contrast to other great historical revolutions, is marked by a series of distinctive features, and many of its weaknesses largely originate from these distinctive features. The uneven impact of the arab spring on the six arab gulf states ags of kuwait, saudi arabia, bahrain, qatar, oman and the uae has further complicated the theoretical debate on the nature of these small and oilrich states. Africa publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay. The common slogan of the protesters throughout arab spring was the people want to bring down the regime aissa, 2012.
This thesis analyzes the democratic transition process through a sidebyside. The arab spring was a series of antigovernment protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across the middle east in early 2011. General consensus emerges on a combination of political, economic. The term arab spring refers to the spring of nations in 1848, to which it was compared.
This thesis has not been submitted in whole or in part for any other academic. The 1848 revolution was also a political upheaval throughout europe and it spread to almost 50 countries including latin america. The arab spring essay charles 5 defines the arab spring as the series of revolutions characterized by protests and demonstrations that are currently taking place in the arab world. Noted authorities writing specifically for this volume contribute chapters focusing on countries directly or indirectly involved, illuminating the immediate and longterm impacts of the revolutions in the region and throughout the world. Instead, a new arab political identity with an antidespotic, pluralis t and democracyseekin g approach is dawning.
It both challenged the political status quo in the middle east and attempted to write a new chapter in the history of the region. According to the 2011 arab social media report, 94% of tunisians get their news from social media tools, as do 88% of egyptians. New media and conflict after the arab spring the web site cannot. Although both countries appear to have similar authoritarian regimes, tunisia experienced a democratic transition while egypt reverted back to an authoritarian regime. In the years following the 2011 arab spring uprisings, tunisia and egypt began the process of creating a new government and constitution made by the people and for the people. A study of presidential speeches after the arab spring based on corpora and critical discourse analysis by athil khaleel farhan submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy university of surrey faculty of arts and social sciences school of english and languages supervisors. Social media and the arab spring with focus on the egyptian.
Ideological manipulation in the translation of political discourse. Introduction the arab spring of 2011 is a wave of revolutions taking place in the arab world. Social media and the arab spring with focus on the. Arab spring has been regarded as an arab phenomenon from the outset, explanations that are given of the arab spring have been ad hoc and are not representative of the entire arab world. Browse essays about arab spring and find inspiration. This thesis asserts that women physically mobilized to participate in the arab spring. Most notably, it appears determined to play a more political role in the region. Though the arab spring was unique for many different reasons, there was one factor that caught the eye of nearly all political scientists i. The case of the arab spring, especially tunisia and egypt, showcase these complexities of revolution, both causal and perpetuating. The tunisian revolution as a catalyst to the arab spring. The armed forces played a decisive role in many of the arab uprisings, particularly the early ones.
The data represents a sample of tweets collected and. The arab spring of 2010 was a domino style revolution that spread throughout the middle east and north africa resulting in a complete upheaval of the autocratic status quo in the region. Toward arab spring narratives universiteit utrecht. Guide to writing a dissertation on the arab spring il. Additionally, a variety of explanations have been offered presented by scholars and the media, regarding not only the cause of the arab spring but also. The arab spring jason marshall introduction the arab spring is a blanket term to cover a multitude of uprisings and protests in the middle east that began in the winter of 2010 and continue today. Social media and the arab spring rutgers university.
Chloe mulderig abstract many scholars have focused on the political factors in particular, the desire for regime change and democratization as central motivations for the arab spring revolutions of 2011. The arab spring started in countries that actually had economic growth. In argue for the above connoted thesis, i will offer an analysis of the notable differences and similarities between the arab spring and the earlier revolutionary movements. The case of the arab spring, chiefly egypt and saudi arabia, shows the power of stable economies and ultimately wealth. Although i am aware of the problematic implications of the term arab springa term primarily used in the western world to refer to the 2011 arab uprisingsi will discuss some of these problems in chapter 2 and agree. Nov 10, 2011 ruth hanau santini writes on womens rights in tunisia, egypt and libya in the wake of the arab awakening. Eric holtschke term paper earth science geography geopolitics publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay.
In examining the arab springs preliminary consequences, this thesis provides an. Understanding attitudes and responses to the new middle east by benedetta berti from the outset, the arab spring has taken the world by storm. Momani bessma arab spring a genuine revolutionary movement. Between the islamic state and the nationstate the brookings project on u. In this thesis an explanation is given that is representative of the entire arab world. Structural factors for the emergence of arab uprisings. While saudi arabia is extraordinarily wealthy through oil exports see a macroeconomic analysis of oil, egypt is in devout poverty living on public assistance from the united states. Any ideas, data, images or text resulting from the work of others whether published or unpublished are fully identified as such within the work and attributed to their originator in the text, bibliography or in footnotes. The arab spring its impact on the region and on the middle east conference of the regime and within the regime, with the former comprising tunisia, egypt, and libya and the latter including jordan and saudi arabia. Understanding the different outcomes of the arab uprisings. Change and resistance in the middle east examines these revolutions and their aftermath.
However, the economic models chosen by the successive regimes were ineffective in. The revolutions of the arab spring toppled the regimes of tunisia, egypt and libya, while many other countries have undergone severe turmoil yemen, bahrain or even civil war as in the case of syria. The event set off uprisings across north africa and the. Dec 17, 2011 a year ago, a tunisian fruitseller set himself on fire after being humiliated by a police officer. Constitutional courts after the arab spring 5 acknowledgements the authors of this report wish to thank anis abidi international idea, asl. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012. Ruth hanau santini writes on womens rights in tunisia, egypt and libya in the wake of the arab awakening.
Search file as a projectable presentation, save the file, click view in the top menu bar of the file, and select full screen mode. Bali ucla school of law, nathan brown george washington university, jennifer canose nyu school of law, haider hamoudi university of pittsburgh school of. Unrest and uncertainty the big picture, the boston globes photoblog. The arab spring unexpectedly developed in late 2010 with peaceful protests in a number of arab countries against longstanding, entrenched regimes, and rapid political change across the region ensued. But their purpose, relative success, and outcome remain hotly disputed in arab countries, among foreign observers, and between world powers looking to cash in on the changing map of the middle east. Tunisia and the arab spring powerpoint, available in the carolina k12 database of k12 resources. A bumpy road ahead pdf by hassan hakimian, director of the london middle east institute and reader, economics department, soas underscores the underlying importance of the economic conditions facing the new republics, such as egypt and tunisia, which are emerging as a result of the arab spring. Mohamed alnanabhay, the amplified public sphere masters thesis. True, arab protests and uprisings have first and foremost brought to the fore domestic political and socio. This thesis explores several dimensions of domestic and international politics related to the arab spring.
The role of media during the arab spring with particular focus on libya b. Of the four major arab spring protests analyzedtunisia, egypt, libya, and bahrain. They also wanted more democracy, and end to corruption, and economic opportunity. Arab springaffected countries suffered even more due to the 2008 economic crisis. Description in late of 2010 and during 2011, the arab countries saw a series of large scale political uprisings. The arab spring has fundamentally altered the middle east and north africa mena. This is probably the first time in history that popular uprisings for social and political change kicked off without a particular ideology to promote. This thesis attempts to analyse and explain the reason why egypt and tunisia experienced different transitional outcomes following the arab uprisings in 2011. Toward arab spring narratives utrecht university repository. A year of revolution a year ago, a tunisian fruitseller set himself on fire after being humiliated by a police officer. The role of media during the arab spring with particular. This has enabled germany to break some foreign policy taboos. Arab spring research guide and notes sheet introduction.
These national revolutionary movements are also called arab revolutions, arab uprisings or even the arab awakening. By the end of the 1950s, most arab countries had gained their independence. Aug 28, 2019 the arab spring was a series of antigovernment protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across the middle east in early 2011. This is done by examining two cases of uprisings in the arab spring, egypt and tunisia. In the field of the graduation thesis assigned in some faculties of humanities, there has become increasingly common the choice, by the candidates, of the research centered on the socalled arab uprisings and the whole series of social and political upheavals that have been attributed by the global media the definition of the arab spring. Contained within the thesis are seven chapters, each outlining political. However, their differing democratic outcomes begs the question of what factors led tunisia to become a democracy and egypt to remain stagnant. The event set off uprisings across north africa and the middle east known as the arab spring. Facebook, twitter, youtube, and other forms of social media have played a major role in the planning, acceleration, and even the preparation of some of the uprisings and revolutions that too place in the middle east at this time. The transnational effects of social media in the arab spring. Apr 21, 2014 in argue for the above connoted thesis, i will offer an analysis of the notable differences and similarities between the arab spring and the earlier revolutionary movements. This thesis critically examines the concept of the arab spring in. The role of social media in political mobilisation. The arab spring has provided an opportunity for german diplomats and politicians to rethink their approach to a region that has visibly gained in importance for berlin over the last two decades.
A case study of revolution in north africa and the middle east. Abstract the purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate how nonviolent methods can be successfully used in struggles against repressive regimes. The arab spring protests in 2011 uprooted regimes, challenged authoritarian. National security a thesis presented to the faculty of the graduate school of angelo state university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree master of security studies by. There are at least two diametrically opposed readings on the long and short term impacts of the epochal events of 2011.
Arab spring used their powers vehemently to crush the demonstrators and consequently the peaceful protesters also became violent. Learn by example and become a better writer with kibins suite of essay help services. Pdf analysis and background of the arab spring in libya. Against this background, the scope of action enjoyed by arab leaders has been considerably diminished. This chapter seeks reasons for why the events of the arab spring occurred and if the u. The politics of translated arabic literature in the wake of the 2011 arab uprisings. The arab spring is a revolutionary wave of demonstrations, protests, and wars occurring in the arab world that began on 18 december 2010 and have continued since. After female activists played a prominent role in actions leading to the recent. Causes of the arab spring causes of the arab spring may be described as following. The postarab spring geopolitical instability and its effects on. Disturbances have ranged from protests to full civil war and.
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